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Harmonic load flow calculation and frequency sweep calculations required detailed models of lines that are also representative for higher frequencies. For harmonic analysis, overhead lines and cable…
The transformer impedance is mainly influenced by the series leakage inductance and copper losses for harmonic studies based on Harmonic Load Flow Calculation and Network Impedance Frequency Sweep…
The injection of harmonic currents is modeled in PowerFactory using the "Harmonic Sources" object (class "TypHmcur"). Various PowerFactory elements can be configured as harmonic current sources, such…
The impedances of each phase of an overhead line differs from each other due different relative geometries of each ohase of the line. In order to mitigate / reduce unbalances in the system, overhead…
Unlike traditional passive harmonic filters, active harmonic filters reduce the harmonic distortion in the system by cancellation of harmonic current injections. Active harmonic filters inject…
For harmonic analysis in the frequency domain, overhead lines and cables should be modeled based on a distributed parameter line model. Long overhead lines and cables should be modeled with…
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For lightning transient studies, the line insulators are represented by voltage-dependent switches. There are different options to model the flashover during lightning transients, such as: Voltage…
The duration of an EMT simulation depends on the complexity of the network and integration step size that is configured in the initialisation command (*.ComInc). The integration step size depends on…
In general, instantaneous values are calculated in EMT simulations. Such instantaneous values must be processed in order to calculate RMS signals, such as voltages and current. The following are two…
Variable resistances can be modelled with the ElmSind. The grounding impedance represents a single phase model. Thus, the ElmSind is modelled as single phase element. The single Rin of the ElmSind is…